✷ Laser
Zita rayo rakazara ndiChiedza Amplification neStimulated Emission of Radiation.Izvi zvinoreva kuti "kukwidziridzwa kwemwaranzi-inofadza".Icho chiedza chekugadzira chiedza chine maitiro akasiyana kubva kuchiedza chechisikigo, chinogona kupararira kune chinhambwe chakareba mumutsara wakatwasuka uye chinogona kuunganidzwa munzvimbo diki.
✷ Musiyano pakati peLaser uye Natural Chiedza
1. Monochromaticity
Chiedza chechisikigo chinosanganisira huwandu hwakawanda hwewavelengths kubva kuultraviolet kusvika kune infrared.Wavelengths yaro inosiyana.
Chiedza chezvisikwa
Laser mwenje iwavelength imwe yechiedza, chivakwa chinonzi monochromaticity.Kubatsira kwe monochromaticity ndeyekuti inowedzera kushanduka kwekugadzirwa kwemaziso.
Laser
Iyo refractive index yechiedza inosiyana zvichienderana newavelength.
Kana mwenje wechisikigo ukapfuura nepalenzi, kupararira kunoitika nekuda kwemhando dzakasiyana dzewavelengths dziri mukati.Ichi chiitiko chinonzi chromatic aberration.
Laser mwenje, kune rumwe rutivi, iwavelength imwe chete yechiedza inongoramba ichienda kune imwe nzira.
Semuyenzaniso, nepo lenzi yekamera ichida kuve nedhizaini inogadzirisa kukanganisa nekuda kweruvara, ma lasers anongoda kutora iyo wavelength mukufunga, kuitira kuti danda rikwanise kufambiswa nenzendo refu, richibvumira dhizaini chaiyo inonangana nechiedza. panzvimbo diki.
2. Kutungamira
Hunangiro ndiyo mwero wekuti ruzha kana chiedza hachinyanyi kupararira sezvachinofamba nemuchadenga;kutungamira kwepamusoro kunoratidza kupararira kushoma.
Natural light: Inosanganisira chiedza chakaparadzaniswa kumativi akasiyana-siyana, uye kuti uvandudze nzira, yakaoma optical system inodiwa kubvisa chiedza kunze kwenzira yekuenda mberi.
Laser:Icho mwenje unotungamira kwazvo, uye zviri nyore kugadzira optics kubvumira laser kufamba mumutsara wakatwasuka pasina kupararira, ichibvumira kutapurirana kure-kure uye zvichingodaro.
3. Kubatana
Kubatana kunoratidza mwero wekuti chiedza chinoda kukanganisa.Kana chiedza chichionekwa semafungu, mabhandi ari pedyo ndiwo akakwirira kuwirirana.Semuyenzaniso, masaisai akasiyana pamusoro pemvura anogona kuwedzera kana kukanzura mumwe nemumwe paanenge adhumhana, uye nenzira imwechete nechiitiko ichi, kana masaisai akanyanya kurongeka ndiko kunowedzera kushomeka kwedanho rekuvhiringidza.
Chiedza chezvisikwa
Iyo laser's phase, wavelength, uye kutungamira zvakafanana, uye wave wakasimba unogona kuchengetedzwa, nokudaro uchigonesa kutapurirana kure-kure.
Laser peaks uye mipata inowirirana
Chiedza chakanyatsobatana, chinogona kufambiswa nenzendo refu pasina kupararira, chine mukana wekuti chinogona kuunganidzwa munzvimbo diki kuburikidza nelenzi, uye chinogona kushandiswa seyepamusoro-density mwenje nekufambisa mwenje unogadzirwa kumwewo.
4. Kuwanda kwesimba
MaLaser ane yakanakisa monochromaticity, kutungamira, uye kubatana, uye inogona kuunganidzwa kuita madiki madiki kuti aumbe yakakwira simba density mwenje.MaLaser anogona kuderedzwa kusvika pedyo nemuganhu wemwenje wechisikigo usingakwanisi kusvikwa nechiedza chechisikigo.(Bypass limit: Zvinoreva kusakwanisa kwenyama kutarisisa mwenje muchinhu chidiki pane wevelength yechiedza.)
Nekudzoreredza laser kusvika padiki saizi, iyo mwenje intensity (simba density) inogona kuwedzerwa kusvika painozoshandiswa kucheka nesimbi.
Laser
✷ Nheyo yeLaser Oscillation
1. Nheyo yekugadzirwa kwelaser
Kugadzira laser mwenje, maatomu kana mamorekuru anonzi laser media anodiwa.Iyo Laser medium inopihwa simba rekunze (inofara) kuitira kuti atomu ichinje kubva pasi-pasi simba repasi kuenda kune yakakwirira-simba rekunakidzwa.
The excited state inzvimbo umo maerekitironi ari mukati meatomu anofamba kubva mukati achienda kugoko rekunze.
Mushure mekunge atomu yashanduka kuita mamiriro emufaro, inodzokera kumamiriro epasi mushure menguva yenguva (nguva inotora kudzoka kubva kune iyo yekunakidzwa kuenda kune pasi nyika inonzi fluorescence lifetime).Panguva ino simba rakagamuchirwa rinovhenekerwa nenzira yechiedza kudzokera kumamiriro evhu (spontaneous radiation).
Chiedza chinopenya ichi chine hurefu hwemasaisai chaiwo.MaLaser anogadzirwa nekushandura maatomu kuita mamiriro ekunakidzwa uye obva atora mwenje unobuda kuti urishandise.
2. Nheyo yeAmplified Laser
Maatomu akashandurwa kuita mafaro kwenguva yakati achapenya chiedza nekuda kwemwaranzi inongoerekana yaitika uye kudzokera kumamiriro epasi.
Zvisinei, kusimba kwechiedza chekusimudzira, kuwedzera kwenhamba yeatomu mumamiriro ekufara kunowedzera, uye nemwaranzi inongoerekana yawedzera yechiedza, zvichikonzera chiitiko chekufara kwemwaranzi.
Stimulated radiation ndicho chiitiko chekuti, mushure mechiitiko chiedza chemwaranzi inongoerekana yaitika kana kuti yakasimudzwa kuatomu iri kufara, chiedza icho chinopa atomu iri kufara nesimba kuita kuti chiedza chive nesimba rinoenderana.Mushure mekunakidzwa nemwaranzi, atomu iri kufara inodzokera kune yayo pasi.Ndiyo mwaranzi inokurudzirwa iyi inoshandiswa kukwidziridza ma lasers, uye nekuwanda kwenhamba yemaatomu ari munzvimbo yekunakidzwa, iyo inokurudzirwa nemwaranzi inoramba ichigadzirwa, iyo inobvumira mwenje kuti ikurumidze kukwidziridzwa uye kubviswa semwenje welaser.
✷ Kuvaka kweLaser
Maindasitiri lasers akakamurwa zvakanyanya kuita 4 mhando.
1. Semiconductor laser: Laser inoshandisa semiconductor ine inoshanda layer (light-emitting layer) chimiro sepakati yayo.
2. Gasi lasers: CO2 lasers inoshandisa CO2 gasi seyepakati inoshandiswa zvakanyanya.
3. Solid-state lasers: Kazhinji YAG lasers uye YVO4 lasers, ine YAG uye YVO4 crystalline laser media.
4. Fiber laser: kushandisa optical fiber sepakati.
✷ Nezve Pulse Hunhu uye Mhedzisiro paMashandiro
1. Kusiyana pakati peYVO4 nefiber laser
Misiyano mikuru pakati peYVO4 lasers uye fiber lasers isimba repamusoro uye pulse width.Peak simba rinomiririra kusimba kwechiedza, uye pulse width inomiririra nguva yechiedza.yVO4 ine hunhu hwekuburitsa zviri nyore nhongonya dzakakwirira uye mapfupi mapurusi echiedza, uye faibha ine hunhu hwekuburitsa zviri nyore nhongonya dzakaderera uye marefu mapurusi echiedza.Kana iyo laser irradiate zvinhu, mhedzisiro yekugadzirisa inogona kusiyanisa zvakanyanya zvichienderana nemusiyano wepulses.
2. Kukanganisa kwezvinhu
Iwo mapurusi eYVO4 laser anovhenekera zvinhu nemwenje wakanyanya kusimba kwenguva pfupi, kuitira kuti nzvimbo dzakareruka dzepamusoro pedenga dzipise nekukasira uye dzobva dzatonhora pasi ipapo.Chikamu chinopisa chinotonhodzwa kuita furo mukati mekufashaira uye chinobuda kuti chiite chidhindo chisina kudzika.Irradiation inopera kupisa kusati kwatamiswa, saka pane zvishoma zvinopisa zvinopisa panzvimbo yakapoteredza.
Iyo pulses yefiber laser, kune rumwe rutivi, irradiate yakaderera-yakasimba mwenje kwenguva yakareba yenguva.Tembiricha yezvinhu inokwira zvishoma nezvishoma uye inoramba iri mvura kana kubuda evaporated kwenguva yakareba.Naizvozvo, iyo fiber laser inokodzera kutema nhema uko huwandu hwekunyora hunova hombe, kana uko simbi inoiswa pasi pehuwandu hwekupisa uye oxidize uye inoda kusviba.
Nguva yekutumira: Oct-26-2023